Tramadol is a pain medication that can cause serious and life-threatening side effects. It is important to take it exactly as prescribed.
Tramadol (brand names include Ultram, Ultram ER, Ralivia, Dromodol, Ryzolt, ConZip and FusePaq Synapryn) relieves moderate to severe pain. It is used to treat neuropathic pain, including postherpetic neuralgia and peripheral diabetic neuropathy.
How It Works
Tramadol is an opioid pain medication that works on the central nervous system to treat pain. It acts by binding to opioid receptors in the brain to block pain signals. It also increases the effects of the chemical messengers serotonin and norepinephrine, which help to reduce pain perception. This medication is used to treat moderate to severe pain, including back pain, muscle spasms, and headaches. It is a step 2 drug on the World Health Organization’s pain ladder and has about 1/10th the potency of morphine.
It comes in tablet and capsule forms and is taken orally. The immediate-release tablets start to work within two hours after taking them and peak levels are reached after about four hours. The extended-release capsules take longer to act, but they provide 24-hour pain control. Both kinds should be swallowed whole and never crushed, chewed, or sucked on as this could increase the risk of side effects like nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and drowsiness. Those with liver or kidney problems may need to take lower doses.
If you are not sure if this medicine is right for you, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. Do not use more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. If you have a history of mental illness, tell your doctor before you begin treatment with tramadol as it can worsen symptoms like depression.
What You’ll Learn
Tramadol is in a class of medications called opiate (narcotic) analgesics. It works by changing the way your brain and nervous system respond to pain.
This medication can cause serious or life-threatening breathing problems, especially in the first 24 to 72 hours of treatment and any time the dose is changed. Tell your doctor right away if you have these symptoms.
If you have a history of head injury or brain tumor, tramadol may increase the pressure inside your brain. This can make your headaches worse or make it harder for you to think clearly. This medication can also make stomach problems worse, such as ulcers. Talk to your doctor about whether tramadol is safe for you.
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Taking tramadol with certain other drugs can increase your risk of serotonin syndrome. This is a rare but serious problem that can happen if you take tramadol with MAO inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine, tranylcypromine), linezolid, or certain migraine medicines. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements you are taking.
If you are a woman who is pregnant or breastfeeding, do not use tramadol. Long-term use can cause withdrawal symptoms in your baby. These include high-pitched crying, trouble feeding and sucking, trembling, and seizures. If you become pregnant while taking this medication, stop it immediately and call your doctor.
How to Get Started
Tramadol works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and blocking pain signals from being sent to the brain. It also increases the effects of serotonin and norepinephrine, two important chemical messengers in the brain that help control pain perception.
Traditional opioids have many side effects, including constipation, respiratory depression and sedation and they are known to be addictive. However, tramadol has similar pain relief efficacy to opioids with fewer adverse side effects. Additionally, it is effective against both nociceptive pain (pain from tissues and muscles) and neuropathic pain (pain from nerves).
The benefits of taking this medication can outweigh any potential risks. You should take the exact dosage your doctor prescribes and never increase or decrease the dose without talking to your doctor. Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose and increase it gradually. You should also talk to your doctor before you are pregnant or breastfeeding, as this medication can pass into breast milk and may harm the baby.
Your doctor may need to do blood tests while you are taking this medicine. This is to check your liver function and make sure the medication is safe for you. If you have poor liver or kidney function, it can take longer for your body to get rid of the drug. You should also tell your doctor if you have a history of alcohol use, drug or mental health problems or any other medical conditions.
What to Expect
Tramadol is in a class of medications called opioid analgesics. It relieves pain by changing the way your brain and nervous system respond to it. It also increases levels of certain chemicals in your brain, including serotonin and norepinephrine.
Take this medication exactly as directed by your doctor. Do not take more or less of it or leave it untaken for a long time. It may cause serious or life-threatening breathing problems if you do so. Also, tramadol can increase the pressure in your head and make it hard for you to breathe, especially during the first 24 to 72 hours of treatment or any time your dose is increased. It can also make you more sensitive to the sun and heat. To help prevent this, you should wear protective clothing and limit your exposure while taking tramadol. If your doctor prescribes liquid medicine, measure the dose carefully with a special measuring device and never use a kitchen spoon.
This medication is a controlled substance. This means it has a high risk of abuse or addiction and is tightly regulated by the FDA. However, compared with other controlled substances like heroin or OxyContin, tramadol is relatively safer.
Keep this medication out of the reach of children and pets. Do not flush it down the toilet or throw it away in a trash bin, as this could cause poisoning. Ask your pharmacist about how to safely dispose of unused medication.
